ABSTRACT
Cold working is applied to all the industrial metals at about 20°C regardless of their melting temperature and despite the high strength and strain hardening notably in the FCC steels and Ni alloys. For Al, it is at 0.32TM so that, in conjunction with its low elastic modulus it is much more easily worked than the other industrial metals Cu, Ti, and Fe and their alloys. Moreover, studies of deformation are easy to perform since gripping devices are simple and complex chambers for temperature and protective atmosphere are not needed. In addition, the plasticity investigations are applicable not only to shaping response but also to performance behavior in a wide variety of machines and structures.
