ABSTRACT

Telephony Services are subject to strict regulatory constraints, such as ensuring emergency calls, legal interception, and Number Portability. Moreover, in some countries (e.g., France and Portugal), these services are part of the Universal Services and each citizen has the right to ask to be connected to that service. ­e Telephony Service Provider may not refuse to connect a citizen to that universal service, even if the “last mile” is expensive to provide.