ABSTRACT
The observation and recording of clinical signs in minipigs, as in other experimental animals, is an essential element not only of animal health monitoring but also of the assessment of pharmacological and toxic effects in preclinical studies for both ef¢cacy and safety evaluation. It plays a central part in the co-ordinated assessment and interpretation of such effects, and captures information on what is a primary (though not always the most evident) manifestation of disease or toxicity.
