ABSTRACT
In many systems, people work not just as individuals, but as members of a team. Pilots of commercial airliners, for example, typically operate as a team of two or three pilots serving as captain, ”rst of”cer, and, in some cases, a second of”cer. Air traf”c controllers (ATCs) often work in teams of two or three to manage all the aircraft in a sector. In addition, they are part of a larger team of controllers who pass control of aircraft from one sector to another as it moves across large geographical areas. Aircraft maintenance is also performed by teams of mechanics who work together to perform all of the tasks required to service and repair the aircraft. Not only do each of these groups of individuals comprise a team, but together they form a team of teams (Figure 11.1).
