ABSTRACT
Scedosporium is a ubiquitous –lamentous fungus with a worldwide distribution. Among this genus, there are two medically important species: Scedosporium apiospermum (the anamorph of Pseudallescheria boydii) and Scedosporium proli¡cans. Scedosporiosis is the term used to de–ne the clinical diseases caused by these species. The diseases caused by these fungi range from localized to disseminated infections in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. The diagnosis of Scedosporiosis is dif–cult since clinical features and histopathology are similar to those produced by other common fungi [1,2]. The treatment of Scedosporiosis is also dif–cult because of the multiresistant nature of the genus.
58.1.1.1 Taxonomy P. boydii (Ascomycetes), the sexual state of S. apiospermum, was –rst discovered in 1889 as a cause of a human otitis [3], while the anamorph state, called at that time Monosporium apiospermum, was discovered in 1911 from a case of human mycetoma [4]. In 1919, Castellani and Chalmers [5] renamed the genus Monosporium as Scedosporium.
