ABSTRACT
Phyllanthus is the largest genus in the family Euphorbiaceae. Phyllanthus has a remarkable diversity of growth forms, including annual and perennial herbaceous, arborescent, climbing, •oating aquatic, pachycaulous, and phyllocladous. It has a wide variety of •oral morphologies and chromosome number and has one of the widest varieties of pollen types of any plant genus. Phyllanthus has more than 700 species in at least 10 subgenera (Holm-Nielsen, 1979; Webster, 1956, 1957). The
4.1 Introduction .................................................................................................... 71 4.2 Phylogenetics .................................................................................................. 72
4.2.1 Variation at the DNA Level ................................................................ 72 4.2.2 Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ................................................... 73 4.2.3 Phylogenetic Tree ................................................................................ 74 4.2.4 Tree Terminology ............................................................................... 75
4.3 Materials and Methods ................................................................................... 76 4.3.1 Agarose Gel Electrophoresis ..............................................................77 4.3.2 Procedure ............................................................................................77 4.3.3 Gel Documentation ............................................................................. 78 4.3.4 Polymerase Chain Reaction ................................................................ 78 4.3.5 BLAST ................................................................................................ 79
4.3.5.1 Protocol ................................................................................ 79 4.3.6 FASTA ................................................................................................ 79
4.3.6.1 Protocol ................................................................................ 79 4.4 Multiple-Sequence Alignment ........................................................................80 4.5 Clustal W ........................................................................................................80
