ABSTRACT

It is not an exaggeration when one says that we live in the era of nanoscience/ nanotechnology, a branch of study that has a great impact on our lives indirectly. For instance, people use smartphones that can perform multiple functions (as can the personal computer); an ability is attributed to the emergence of miniaturizedelectronic chips thanks to the microelectromechanical system (MEMS) technology and recently nanofabrication technologies. In recent decades, genomic sequencing that can unveil

1.1 The Nanobiotechnology World .........................................................................1 1.1.1 Single-Molecule Experiments: Characterization of Biomolecules .......2 1.1.2Characterization of Subcellular Materials: Implications for

Medical Diagnosis ................................................................................9 1.1.3Characterization of Nanoscale Materials: Unique Material

Properties ............................................................................................ 13 1.1.4 Design of De Novo Functional Materials Inspired from Biology:

Biomimetics and Materiomics ............................................................ 17 1.2How to Understand Nanoscale Phenomena ....................................................20