ABSTRACT
Khat is an evergreen shrub or tree, mostly growing 2 to 7 m (6½–23 ft.) in height, occasionally to 15 m (50 ft.), rarely to 25 m (82 ft.). It is usually cut back in cultivation to form a shrub, making it easier to harvest the twigs and leaves, the economically important parts of the plant. The leaves and sometimes also the young twigs are consumed as a masticatory (a chewed substance) for a stimulant effect. The leaves are up to 10 cm (4 in.) long, resemble those of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), and emit a strong, sweetish smell. They are crimson-brown and glossy when young, becoming yellow-green and leathery as they age. The young branches near the top of the plant produce the best material, but the middle and lower leaves and stems are also used. In wetter regions, khat shoots are tender and the soft green twigs are also consumed. In dryer regions, the twigs are woody and bitter, and only the leaves are used. The youngest leaves are usually quite weak in narcotic effect in comparison with the more mature ones. At the retail level, khat is sold in leafy bundles, wrapped in banana leaves or plastic to preserve freshness. Each bundle contains the quantity of leaves and stem tips that most consumers chew in 1 day.
