ABSTRACT
Examples are given of single-and two-step reactions involving sacri“cial reagents whose atoms in whole or in part do not become incorporated into the target product structure. Each reaction is generalized as far as possible using Markush structures and balanced to show all by-products. Then, general expressions for and estimates of minimum atom economy (AE(min)) are determined according to Equations 8.1 and 8.2 where the minimum size R group is taken to be a methyl group.
