ABSTRACT
Light has played a major role in civilizations across human history.
The concept of the photon, the quantum of EM energy, goes
back to Newton and more recently to Einstein’s photoelectric
effect. The photon has remained enigmatic due to its dual wave-
particle nature. Since quantum techniques were formulated around
1927, the photon has remained probabilistic due to Heisenberg’s
uncertainty principle (HUP) where velocity and position cannot
both be known. If a composite photon, or equivalently a bi-spinorial
EM field is assumed, HUP is obviated and the self-field theory (SFT)
formulation results in deterministic internal photon motions. In fact
HUP and SFT are theoretically almost identical in form. From 1923
to 1926 using a 100 inch telescope at Mount Wilson Observatory,
Hubble discovered that the local group “stars” were in fact other
galaxies outside our Milky Way. Similarly the discovery of structure
within the photon is an extension of our physical knowledge at
the very small end of the size spectrum. It appears there is an
identifiable organization behind the structure of photons and other
field particles, bosons, known to particle physics. Previously thought
to be “elementary,” the composite structure of ordinary photons
appears similar to that of the hydrogen atom obeying a similar SFT
system of equations. This provides a “photon chemistry,” similar
to atomic chemistry, to explain some features of bosons including
W+,W− and Z 0 bosons of the electroweak force and gluons of
the strong nuclear force. Phonons also sit under this theoretical
umbrella and a stoichiometric equation can be written in terms
of gluons, photons and phonons. Three gluons rotating in three
orthogonal directions fit within a modified system of Maxwell-
Lorentz equations providing a basis for a dynamic solution inside
nuclear regions.
