ABSTRACT
Perhaps the most damning evidence against the oncogene theory is the fact that the supposed human oncogenes do not transform true normal cells, which have a normal set of chromosomes. Furthermore, there is absolutely no evidence from observations of human tumors to indicate that the mutation of any proto-oncogene is essential for cancer initiation. In fact, in many tumors, all the supposed proto-oncogenes are normal; there are no oncogenes present.
