ABSTRACT
The movement of urban populations into agricultural production areas, combined with the increasing size of these facilities, has elevated the issue of agricultural production emissions to national attention. Accurate measurement of both specižc agricultural operations and whole facility aerosol emissions is technically challenging and practically difžcult. Currently, air quality regulations pertaining to particulate emission sources are based on data collected by multiple (typically less than žve)
14.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................299 14.2 Literature Review ......................................................................................... 301 14.3 Measurements and Methods .........................................................................308 14.4 In Situ Aerosol Information .......................................................................... 311
14.4.1 Lidar Retrieval Calibration ............................................................... 312 14.4.2 Wind and Environmental Information ............................................. 314 14.4.3 Flux Measurement Method .............................................................. 314
14.5 Flux Measurement Error Estimation ............................................................ 315 14.6 Flux Measurement Examples and Results ................................................... 318
14.6.1 Swine Finishing Facility Measurements .......................................... 318 14.6.2 Cotton Gin Measurements ................................................................ 320 14.6.3 Almond Harvesting Measurements .................................................. 321
14.7 Conclusions ................................................................................................... 327 Acknowledgments .................................................................................................. 328 References .............................................................................................................. 328
point-sampled measurements taken near these facilities. These data are then combined with meteorology information and used as input for subsequent numerical models (e.g., AERMOD) to account for wind and time variation (Hoff et al. 2002). This sample-then-model methodology can sometimes make it difžcult to determine the effectiveness of specižc conservation and management practices due to a number of factors including varying wind direction, turbulence, intermittent emission behavior, or a moving emission source.
