ABSTRACT
Nanophotonics has attracted a substantial amout of interest, given the belief that nanophotonics can provide technological breakthroughs for modern technologies facing their limitations and eventually contribute to building a future knowledge base and sustainable society. Technological advances are the result of new achievements in nanophotonics constantly being reported. Essentially the use of interactions between optical near fields and nanoscale matters is expected to guide revolutionary changes in modern technologies. For physicists, nanophotonics opens novel optical phenomena in nanocavities, single photon sources, nanoscale nonlinear optical processes, the nanocontrol of interactions between electrons, phonons, and photons, and time-resolved and spectrally resolved studies of nanoscopic excitation and dynamics. Focusing on the fundamental objects of nanophotonics, the area of nano-photonics can tentatively be divided into three categories: plasmonics, photonic crystals, and photonic metamaterials. A photonic metamaterial is one of the newest subfields in nanophotonics. Metamaterials, especially photonic metamaterials, refer to any artificial materials with optical properties that cannot be observed in natural materials.
