ABSTRACT
A signi cant amount of research has been devoted to nding the dependence of weld quality on welding parameters in published works. However, a relationship obtained experimentally is very often in˜uenced by random factors, such as variations in sheet coating thickness and composition, line voltage, and cooling water temperature. The large number of possible variables also poses a challenge to quantitative study in resistance welding. It is often dif cult to isolate the effects of a single variable. Even if a one-variableat-a-time condition is realized, the results may render limited useful information because such a situation rarely exists in practice.
