ABSTRACT
Logical and arithmetic instructions are fundamental to the operation of every processor. e ALU plays the central role in executing these instructions, accepting one or more values as input, and outputting an arithmetic or logical result. Although the operands for the basic logic instructions are from registers or immediate data, the AVR processor also provides several special instructions for checking and manipulating bits in the I/O registers. is design conserves registers for other purposes and allows eªcient implementation of I/O operations.
