ABSTRACT
Metal casting is the process through which the metal is molten, and allowed to ¨ow by gravity or under pressure into a mold, where it solidies in the shape of the mold cavity. The product is also termed casting. Casting includes both the casting of ingots or slabs for the primary metal industries, and the casting of shapes or near nal shape products. Traditionally, the workshop where the casting process is carried out is named a foundry. Thus, a foundry is a factory equipped for making molds, melting metals in furnaces, transferring molten metal to the molds, performing the casting process, and the cleaning and nishing of castings. Typical casting products include engine blocks, carburetors, car wheel rims, machine bases, pipes, taps, valves, . . . etc.
