ABSTRACT
Chapter Objectives ◾ To address foundational considerations of national response and prepared-
ness models for emergency management and response ◾ To analyze the challenges of implementation and integration of social media
into national models of emergency management and response ◾ To consider the implementation of social media into intelligence pro-
cesses utilized by incident commanders and Emergency Operations Center management
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◾ To apply social media concept into the understanding of modern review and approval of public information processes
◾ To consider the potential impact of using social media during emergency exercises and trainings
National Preparedness and Response Systems Emergency management disciplines throughout the United States have long been de„ned by national response systems based on best practices, disaster experiences, and political motivations and direction. Such systems include the Incident Command System (ICS), National Incident Management System (NIMS), and the Homeland Security Exercise and Evaluation Program (HSEEP). In each case, these systems have had positive and negative impacts related to their application before, during, and after emergencies and/or disasters and are signi„cantly impacted by the use and implementation of social media and Web 2.0 technologies. To understand these ešects, it is critical to understand the structures and intended purposes of the national response systems „rst.
