ABSTRACT
Crystallization is an excellent technique for the purication of chemical species by solidication from liquid mixtures. Many materials are marketed and sold in crystalline form, and a large amount of a product may be obtained from impure solutions even in a single step. Crystallization is widely applied in the electronic industry for manufacturing semiconductor silicon, GaAs, InP, GaP, CdTe, and its alloys, and scintillation optical crystals (Scheel and Fukuda 2003). In the pharmaceutical industry, crystallization is extensively applied to chiral discrimination and polymorphism (Collins et al. 1997). In biochemistry, crystallization is used for detailed description of protein structures at the atomic level, which is mostly achieved by x-ray diffraction analysis of single biomolecular crystals (McPherson 2003).
