ABSTRACT
Membrane systems are one of the most effective and fast-growing technologies that can address industrial and research separation and purication needs in the twenty-rst century. The attraction of membrane systems stems from their energy-efcient operation, and modularity, combined with their low operational cost, as compared with conventional techniques. Since membrane is the heart of the system, there is
12.1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 385 12.2 Polymer Electrolyte Membranes .................................................................. 386
12.2.1 Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell ........................................ 387 12.2.2 Current Status of Polymer Electroltye Membranes .......................... 388
12.3 Sources for High-Energy Radiation .............................................................390 12.3.1 Electron-Beam Accelerators ............................................................. 391
12.4 Radiation-Induced Grafting .......................................................................... 392 12.4.1 Methods of Radiation-Induced Grafting .......................................... 393
12.5 Preparation of Polymer Electrolyte Membranes Using Electron Beam ....... 394 12.5.1 Composite Sulfonic Membranes for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell ...... 395 12.5.2 Sulfonic Acid Membrane for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane
Fuel Cell by a Single Grafting Route ............................................... 399 12.6 Conclusion ....................................................................................................404 Acknowledgment ...................................................................................................405 References ..............................................................................................................405
