ABSTRACT
It is well known that membrane charge can play an important role in the transport of electrolyte and charged particles across membranes and their electrical characterization has been of great importance since the beginning of membrane processes applications (Helfferich 1962; Laksminarayanaiah 1969; Compañ et al. 1997; Vallejo et al. 1999). Usually, the determination of an effective xed charge concentration in the membranes (bulk) and the number of ions transported across them is made from the membrane potential (MP) measurements (Demish and Pusch 1980; Kimura et al. 1984; Benavente and Fernández-Pineda 1985; López et al. 2001), while the streaming potential (SP) gives information on the membrane-solution electrical interface, such as
2.1 Introduction .................................................................................................... 21 2.2 Theory .............................................................................................................23 2.3 Application of Impedance Spectroscopy to Membranes ................................27
