(x) — i\(x Ax\), y (Ax) takes its maximum value of unity at the Ax = Ax\. Real digital images, such as the are

Interpretation of the surface displacements can be difficult. The process of developing the images has caused a considerable amount of averaging of the data in an effort to reduce the effect of misalignment of the two images, curvature due to the geometry of the movement of the cantilever (which is constrained to move in an arc) and massive movements of the sample during loading and unloading. This means that the X and Y displacements are referred to an arbitrary zero.