ABSTRACT
JACQUELINE A. JONES *, MAHROKH DADSETAN2, TERRY O. COLLIER2, MICHAEL EBERT3, KEN S. STOKES3, ROBERT S. WARD4, P. ANNE HILTNER2 and JAMES M. ANDERSON ,2 5 *
' Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
*- Department of Macromolecular Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-7202, USA
5 The Institute of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Room 306, 2085 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, OH 44106-2622, USA
Received 1 October 2003; revised 16 January 2004; accepted 21 January 2004
Abstract-Adherent macrophages and foreign body giant cells (FBGCs) are known to release degradative molecules that can be detrimental to the long-term biostability of polyurethanes. The modification of polyurethanes using surface modifying endgroups (SMEs) and/or the incorporation of silicone into the polyurethane soft segments may alter macrophage adhesion, fusion and apoptosis resulting in improved long-term biostability. An in vitro study of macrophage adhesion, fusion and apoptosis was performed on polyurethanes modified with fluorocarbon SMEs, polyethylene oxide (PEO) SMEs, or poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) co-soft segment and SMEs. The fluorocarbon SME and PEO SME modifications were shown to have no effect on macrophage adhesion and activity, while silicone modification had varied effects. Macrophages were capable of adapting to the surface and adhering in a similar manner to the silicone-modified and unmodified polyurethanes. In the absence of IL-4, macrophage fusion was comparable on the modified and unmodified polyurethanes, while macrophage apoptosis was promoted on the silicone modified surfaces. In contrast, when exposed to IL-4, a cytokine known to induce FBGC formation, silicone modification resulted in more macrophage fusion to form foreign body giant cells. In conclusion, fluorocarbon SME and PEO SME modification does not affect macrophage adhesion, fusion and apoptosis, while silicone modification is capable of mediating macrophage fusion and apoptosis. Silicone modification may be utilized to direct the fate of adherent macrophages towards FBGC formation or cell death through apoptosis.
