ABSTRACT
The microheterogeneous conception [1–6] considers a polymerization process as a total combination of chemical transformations and structural-phase changes, such as phase distribution, aggregation of chains, local glass transition and appearance of supermolecular structures at the evolution of a fluctuation of the density of the polymerization system. As a result, the above-mentioned processes lead to the microheterogeneity of a polymerization system. Micronon-uniformity can be caused by the following factors: firstly, by thermodynamical non-compatibility of highly crosslinked polymers with the liquid phase of the reactive medium. In accordance with the Flory–Renner ratio, the separation (or syneresis) of the system with the elimination of the excess of the liquid phase from the crosslinked polymer is started under the condition that in a micro-volume of the reactive mix (in a micro–gel) the density of polymer network exceeds the value for equilibrium swelling. In highly crosslinked polymers, as a result of strong diffusion complications, separation docs not lead to macroscopic distribution; instead, microseparation (or microsyneresis) takes place.
