ABSTRACT
The water industry is highly regulated with a number of laws, regulations, codes, and standards controlling the work of managers who are responsible for the integrity of infrastructure systems. Not only are managers of a water utility constrained by legal controls, they are also affected by the risk-averse nature of the utility culture. They seek to build high-quality infrastructure systems in the ‰rst place, to operate them so as to avoid any sanctions or penalties, and to avoid problems such as main breaks, backed-up sewers, and boil-water orders.
