ABSTRACT
There are almost an infinite number of ways that ultrasonic transducers can be used in widely diverse applications. The transducer element is a cut from an oriented piezoelectric crystal, chosen so longitudinal or transverse waves are emitted perpendicular to the flat faces. The opposite limit of the loaded transducer is a complex subject and the frequency response of the transducer depends on the ratio of the acoustic impedances of the transducer and those of the sample and backing medium. In addition, the choice of the best transducer configuration depends on the particular application and is inevitably a compromise between bandwidth, pulse response sensitivity, and insertion loss considerations. An epoxy layer can be loaded with Ti particles to provide the desired impulse response.
