ABSTRACT
Abbreviations ................................................................................................................................. 212 Denitions ...................................................................................................................................... 212 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 213 Prevalence ...................................................................................................................................... 213 Diagnostic Criteria for Obesity and Overweight ........................................................................... 213 Diagnostic Criteria for Diabetes .................................................................................................... 214
Impact of Obesity on Type 2 Diabetes ...................................................................................... 214 BMI, Visceral Adiposity, and Type 2 Diabetes ..................................................................... 214 Waist Circumference and Risk of Diabetes .......................................................................... 215
Impact of Childhood Obesity on Type 2 Diabetes .................................................................... 215 Neonatal Size and Impact of Catch-Up Growth ............................................................................ 217 Obesity and Dyslipidemia .............................................................................................................. 217 Pathophysiology of Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes, and Insulin Resistance ......................................... 218 Free Fatty Acids ............................................................................................................................. 218 Visceral Adiposity, Obesity, Insulin Resistance, and Type 2 Diabetes .......................................... 219
Visceral Adiposity and Children ............................................................................................... 219 Visceral Fat Tissue as a Proinˆammatory Tissue and Its Role in Insulin Resistance ............... 219 Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity ..................................................................220 Adipocyte Hormones, Obesity, Insulin Resistance, and Progression to Diabetes ....................220 Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ............................................................................................. 222 Benets of Weight Loss in Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity ......................................................... 223 Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes by Weight Reduction ................................................................224
