ABSTRACT
Consequently, although there is no doubt regarding the primacy of energy balance in addressing the obesity epidemic, the additional effects of specic nutrients and foods on modulation of energy efciency may still have substantial impact on weight gain and obesity incidence. For example, a caloric excess of as little as 1% (or 25 kcal/day) could lead to an annual weight gain of 1 kg. This value is well within the caloric range likely to be inˆuenced by food components. A large number of food components have been proposed to contribute to healthy weight management; these include conjugated linoleic acid, medium-chain triglycerides, green tea, caffeine, and capsaicin [1], but the reported effect for each of these is modest at best, with support limited to a small number of conˆicting reports [1]. However, a substantial and largely consistent body of data has emerged over the past years to indicate that both dietary calcium and other components of dairy foods modulate adipocyte lipid metabolism, energy efciency, and energy partitioning between adipose tissue and muscle, resulting in a meaningful antiobesity effect. This effect is supported by a clear mechanistic framework, retrospective and prospective epidemiological and observational studies, secondary
Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 667 Mechanisms ...................................................................................................................................668
