ABSTRACT
The study of materials under extreme pressures and temperatures is developing at an accelerating rate, with the observation of numerous new phenomena and implications that span physical, chemical, Earth and planetary, and biological sciences. An array of probes have been integrated recently to perform in situ measurements of materials properties under high static pressure including Raman [1, 2], Brillouin [3, 4], infrared, IR [5, 6], x-ray diffraction [7, 8], x-ray radiography [9] and x-ray spectroscopy [10], and electromagnetic methods [11]. Under extreme pressure-temperature (P − T ) conditions [12, 13] created in a diamond anvil cell, DAC (see an example of the laser heated DAC in Figure 1) these techniques have led to myriad discoveries with important implications, including new materials [14], phase transformations [15], anomalous physical properties [16], and superconductivity [17].
