ABSTRACT
The origins of concrete go back to the Greco-Roman era (Malinowski 1979, Davidovits 1987), but some research suggests that a prototype form existed in the Neolithic period around 7000 BC (Malinowski and Garfinkel 1991). The Ten Books on Architecture by Vitruvius written in the latter part of the first century BC describe how calcined limestone hardens when mixed with water and also describes the hydraulic setting properties of natural pozzolans. However, the prototype of the modern cement used today was invented in Britain in 1824 by J. Aspdin.
