ABSTRACT
B.G.LIPTÁK (1972, 1982, 1995) A.H.ULLMAN (2003) (Sidebar by Georg Erk)
Modern process control requires current information on the state (composition, temperature, pressure, ow rate, etc.) of the material being produced. Modern distributed control systems linked to various control elements (valves, pumps, etc.) require data much more often than the manual control systems of years gone by. While grab samples taken to a modern laboratory will be the gold standard for quality control purposes, the effort and time it takes to get a sample, transport it to the lab, and wait for the result can add signi cantly to the costs of the process in process output, energy, etc. For many industries, the solution is to move the analysis directly to the process.
