ABSTRACT

Multinational military, peacekeeping, and humanitarian collaborations re­ quire that allies make decisions in complex, high-stakes situations under time pressure and uncertainty and with organizational constraints. These situations require problem identification, risk assessment, planning and replanning, and situational awareness. Practitioners have increasingly turned to naturalistic decision-making (NDM) models. NDM is a theoretical perspective for describing how people make decisions and how they use their experience to perform effectively in complex situations (Orasanu & Connolly, 1993).