ABSTRACT
The key processes of decision making include the evaluation and selection of people. Related theoretical methods are based on the subject’s cognitive activities, which ref lect a speculative analysis and treatment process. Therefore, decision making often depends on decision makers’ subjective preferences; common preference structures are judgment matrix, utility value, preference ordering value, linguistic value, and so on. Because of the uncertainty of the decision-making environment, decision makers tend to express in the form of preference, such as interval numbers, fuzzy numbers, and linguistic variables. This book studies mainly group decision-making methods and group aggregation methods based on uncertainty preference information. The famous economist H. A. Simon [1], one of the founders of scientific management, said that “management is decision making,” and decision making is a conscious and optional action process to achieve some purpose or to accomplish a task. With the development of society, science, and technology, the amount of knowledge and information has greatly increased, wherein more and more decision-making problems involve a number of decision makers. Decision making encompasses the three following aspects of complexity: 1. Uncertain property of the preference structure: uncertainty
is absolute, whereas certainty is relative. Decision-making groups always cognize, predict, and judge things in complex and dynamic decision space. Even if the preference is deterministic, there are inevitably some uncertainties. In many cases, the uncertain preference is more relevant for decision making and is usually adopted by decision makers.
