ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION Industrial activity covers a seemingly infinite spectrum of endeavor. At first glance, finding common-
ality in all of this is seemingly impossible. Yet, commonality is readily apparent when industrial activ-
ity, and indeed all human activity, is considered from the level of fundamental actions. Common to
many activities is the harnessing, use, and application of energy sources and materials containing en-
ergy. Most of the time, the way in which energy sources and materials containing energy are used is so
much an intrinsic part of the activity that we don’t even notice or consider it.
