ABSTRACT
With the enormous improvements in the use of computers in engineering analysis (CAE) and design (CAD) many designs are bought to the marketplace without any preliminary models being produced. The manufacturers rely upon the analytical calculations to identify any high-stressed areas that may lead to a design failure. In most cases a mechanical failure in something like a hair drier will only cause an inconvenience to the owner, but when a failure occurs in the aforementioned wing box or fuselage, then the outcome will be a catastrophic accident with a potential for loss of life.
