ABSTRACT
Introduction Transportation is both a government service and a business enterprise. While mass transportation systems in most parts of the United States started as private business ventures (Figure 2.1), the advent of the automobile damaged the prožtability of most urban mass transit systems. In the middle of the twentieth century, many of these systems were taken over by special
purpose governments, such as the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey or the Southeast Pennsylvania Transportation Authority (SEPTA).
