ABSTRACT
Transformers are static devices that transfer electrical energy from one circuit to another by the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction without any change in frequency. Transformers ensure that various components of the power system, viz. generators, transmission lines, distribution networks and loads, can all be operated at their most suitable voltage levels. The transformer is an electromagnetic conversion device in which the electrical energy received by its primary winding is first converted into magnetic energy, which is re-converted into electrical energy in other circuits. A transformer is termed either a step-up or a step-down transformer depending upon whether the secondary voltage is higher or lower than the primary voltage. A transfer of electrical energy between two circuits takes place through a transformer without the use of moving parts; a transformer therefore has higher efficiency and lower maintenance cost than rotating electrical machines.
