ABSTRACT
Cleaner technology or production implies that changes in the processes are made within a production plant with the result that the emitted pollution is reduced. When the industries are forced to reduce their discharge of pollutants, they are of course considering either to apply a cost-moderate treatment method for their waste or the alternative. An even wider approach analyzes the whole production and application process, namely, the life cycle analysis of a product—as it is often expressed from cradle to grave. Industrial enterprises face increasing costs of raw materials, energy, water, and pollution fees and face increased pressure by environmental groups to reconsider their production methods and seek to retain competitiveness while also demonstrating good will toward environmental protection. Waste heat from power stations and from refrigerating plants is used for room heating and collection of rain water is used for watering cattle and for irrigation.
