ABSTRACT
This chapter presents how to apply work energy capacity, also denoted exergy or eco-exergy, and a carbon cycling model for the assessment of the sustainability for a city. The theoretical background knowledge and the de”nitions, which are necessary to understand the analysis and how the analytical results can be interpreted, are given in Section 2.5. A work energy balance for the assessment of sustainability has been applied on the Danish island Samsø, situated in Kattegat between Zealand and Jutland. The area of the island is 114 km2, and it is 26 km long and 7 km wide at the maximum width. The island has about 4100 inhabitants with about 7% working in the agriculture sector. The second most important sector is tourism. The experience gained here will be transferred to the application on the sustainability of a city. It cannot be applied directly but indirectly, as there is of course a difference between a city and an island. A carbon model has been applied on Siena Province, Tuscany,
15.1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 539 15.2 An Energy Balance for Samsø and the Principles for a
General Exergy Balance ............................................................................... 543 15.3 Carbon Cycling Model Developed for the Siena District .............................548 15.4 Application of Carbon Cycling Models for Assessment of
Sustainability of Eco-Cities .......................................................................... 552 15.5 Conclusions and Recommendations ............................................................. 553 References .............................................................................................................. 554
2 and is predominantly hilly (hills 93%, mountains 7%). Agriculture is an important activity in this regional system, although the signi”cant increase in tertiary sector in the last 50 years has been due to the development of trade, public administration, and tourism. Siena, the core of Siena Province, is a famous touristic medieval town in Italy with about 90,000 inhabitants. It means that the experience gained by the application of a carbon cycling model can be transferred indirectly to towns (cities), which want to use this tool for the assessment of the sustainability. In fact, the carbon cycle model of Siena Province (a fairly large district) can be adapted to smaller systems, such as cities. Guidelines on how to apply the experiences gained by these two projects on a general assessment of sustainability of a city are presented in this chapter.
