ABSTRACT
Wireless communication technology has been developed with two primary models. One is the fixed infrastructure-based model in which many of the nodes are mobile and connected through fixed backbone nodes using a wireless medium. Another model is the mobile ad hoc network (MANET). MANETs can be defined as a collection of mobile nodes (MNs) that are self-organizing and cooperative to ensure efficient and accurate packet routing between nodes (and to the base station also). There are no specific routers, servers, or access points for MANETs. Because of their speed and ease of deployment, robustness, and low cost, MANETs can be applied in fields such as military applications (i.e., to create a temporary network in the battlefield); search and rescue operations; temporary networks within meeting rooms; airports; vehicle-to-vehicle communication in smart transportation; establishing personal area networks connecting mobile devices like mobile phones, laptops, and smart watches; and other wearable computers, etc. To develop a routing protocol for wireless environments with mobility is very different from and more complex than developing those for wired networks with static nodes.
