Complications in labour

Three factors may result in poor progress. These are commonly referred to as ‘the three Ps’: = Powers:

= inefficient uterine action; = this is common in nulliparous women.

= Passenger: = Malpresentation:

– Brow: k the width of this presenting part is incompatible with vaginal

delivery, unless it converts to a face or vertex; k caesarean section is required.