ABSTRACT
This chapter discusses some of the more common clinical problems unique to paediatric practice that require imaging. Paediatric radiology is an extremely diverse subject encompassing many subspecialty areas. Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common indications for imaging in paediatrics. Most children with uncomplicated UTI have a normal US examination, and in the majority of these cases no further imaging is required. US of the renal tract are the initial investigation of choice for the child with UTI. US are performed to detect abnormalities of the urinary tract that may predispose the child to the development of recurrent UTI. Children with a bacterial pulmonary infection usually present with abrupt onset of malaise, fever and cough. The typical chest X-ray pattern of bacterial infection is alveolar consolidation that is fluffy opacity with air bronchograms, which may be lobar or patchy in distribution.
