ABSTRACT
Urine protein composition 217 Measurement of total urine protein 219 Concentration of urine samples 221 Proteinuria after minor injury 222 Overflow proteinuria 222 Glomerular proteinuria 222 Tubular proteinuria 225 Factitious proteinuria 229 Monoclonal free light chains 229 Renal damage caused by MFLC 230 Detection and measurement of MFLC 231
Detection of MFLC in the urine and serum by electrophoresis and immunofixation 232
False negative MFLC in urine by electrophoresis 237 False positive MFLC in urine by
immunofixation 238 Nephelometry to measure total kappa and
total l light chains in urine 242 Techniques to measure free k and free l light
chains in serum and/or urine 242 References 246 Appendix 255
Evaluation of the protein content of urine samples can provide useful information about the location and degree of damage within the nephron, as well as the presence of monoclonal proteins (Fig. 7.1). The protein composition of urine depends upon both factors intrinsic to the protein itself and on pathophysiological alterations in the patients.
