ABSTRACT

Many women may experience early signs and symptoms of pregnancy. Probable signs of pregnancy are breast changes and tenderness, nausea and vomiting, amenorrhoea, frequency of micturition and increasing abdominal girth. Positive signs of pregnancy are confirmed by positive urinary or serum hormonal testing; by ultrasound scan showing a viable fetus, fetal heart sounds via a Pinard stethoscope and ultrasound sonicaid; and palpation of fetal parts and fetal movements in the second and third trimester.