ABSTRACT
What are haemorrhoids and what are their normal functions? What are the common causes of pathological haemorrhoids? How do you perform injection sclerotherapy for haemorrhoids? What are the indications for performing a haemorrhoidectomy? How do you perform a Milligan-Morgan open haemorrhoidectomy? How do you distinguish the internal sphincter from the external sphincter? What are the potential complications? How would you treat thrombosed strangulated haemorrhoids? What are you palpating for during a per rectal examination?
