ABSTRACT
STAGING OF BLADDER CANCER TNM Description Primary tumor (T) T0 No evidence of primary tumor T1 Invades subepithelial connective tissue T2 Invades muscle T3 Invades perivesical tissue T4 Invades prostate, uterus, vagina, pelvic wall, or abdominal
wall
Lymph nodes (N) N0 No involved lymph nodes N1 Single lymph node ≤2 cm N2 Single lymph node 2-5 cm
Multiple lymph nodes ≤5 cm N3 Metastases in lymph node > 5 cm
Metastasis (M) M0 No metastasis M1 Distant metastasis
Stage TNM I T1 N0 M0 II T2 N0 M0 III T3 N0 M0
T4a* N0 M0 IV T4b† N0 M0
T1-4 N1-3 M0 T1-4 N0-3 M1
*T4a: Tumor invades prostate, uterus, or vagina †T4b: Tumor invades pelvic wall or abdominal wall.
