ABSTRACT
Hypertension is a consequence of the interaction of genetics and environment. Macronutrients and micronutrients are crucial in the regulation of blood pressure (BP) and subsequent target organ damage (TOD). Nutrient-gene interactions, subsequent gene expression, oxidative stress, inammation, and autoimmune vascular dysfunction have positive or negative inuences on vascular biology in humans. Endothelial activation with endothelial dysfunction (ED) and vascular smooth muscle dysfunction (VSMD) initiate and perpetuate essential hypertension.
