ABSTRACT
Introduction ............................................................................................................ 105 Mechanisms of Action of Vitamins Related to Brain Function ............................. 106
Fat-Soluble Vitamins ......................................................................................... 107 Vitamin A ..................................................................................................... 107 Vitamin D ..................................................................................................... 107 Vitamin E ...................................................................................................... 108
Water-Soluble Vitamins ..................................................................................... 108 B Vitamins .................................................................................................... 108 Vitamin C ..................................................................................................... 109
Vitamin Deciency in Developed Societies ........................................................... 109 Evidence from Epidemiological Studies ................................................................ 111
B Vitamins and Homocysteine Levels............................................................... 111 Biochemical Status ....................................................................................... 111 Dietary Intake ............................................................................................... 118
Vitamins A, C, D, and E .................................................................................... 119 Biochemical Status ....................................................................................... 119 Dietary Intake ............................................................................................... 119
Evidence from Intervention Studies ....................................................................... 119 B Vitamins .........................................................................................................124 Vitamins A, C, D, and E ....................................................................................124 Multi-Vitamins ..................................................................................................124
Discussion .............................................................................................................. 125 References .............................................................................................................. 128
