ABSTRACT
Far from inert and static, the skeleton is constantly in motion, and this perpetual remodeling is orchestrated by the coordination of multiple body systems. From neural stimulation to sympathetic response and cellular action, the cascade of reactions that enables bone remodeling is tightly regulated by energy metabolism and the availability of essential nutrients. Beginning with embryonic development and progressing throughout the life cycle, nutrition, at both the macronutrient and micronutrient levels, plays a key role in the health and integrity of bone structure. Exactly
Introduction ............................................................................................................ 117 Energy Intake and Availability ............................................................................... 118 Bone Nutrients ....................................................................................................... 119
Dietary Components Believed to Positively Impact Bone Health .................... 120 Protein .......................................................................................................... 120 Fat ................................................................................................................. 121 Calcium ........................................................................................................ 122 Vitamin D ..................................................................................................... 123 Phosphorus ................................................................................................... 127 Magnesium ................................................................................................... 128 Fluoride ........................................................................................................ 128 Iron and Zinc ................................................................................................ 129 Vitamin K ..................................................................................................... 130
Antioxidants ...................................................................................................... 131 Dietary Components That May Negatively Impact Bone Health ..................... 132
Sodium ......................................................................................................... 132 Carbonated Beverages .................................................................................. 132 Caffeine ........................................................................................................ 133 Alcohol ......................................................................................................... 133
Dietary Supplements Targeted toward Bone Health ......................................... 134 Conclusion ............................................................................................................. 135 References .............................................................................................................. 135
how bone maintains its integrity and the intervariability between people is a complex science, dependent upon myriad genetic, lifestyle, and dietary components, that is not yet fully understood. However, recent, cross-disciplinary research from both applied and basic scientists has begun to piece together the puzzle.
