ABSTRACT
Valerian or valerian root consists of the underground organs (root and rhizome, with or without stolons) of Valeriana officinalis L. and a number of other Valeriana species (family Valerianaceae). It has been used by people of different cultures since antiquity for a number of conditions, including insomnia, migraine, hysteria, neurasthenia, fatigue, and stomach cramps. In the West, valerian is best known for its use as a mild sedative and hypnotic for nervous unrest and sleep disturbances. It is a major component of dietary supplements and herbal remedies marketed directly to consumers for treating these conditions. Over the past several decades, valerian has undergone rather extensive chemical, pharmacological, and clinical studies. Its aqueous extract has been found to be mostly responsible for its sleep-inducing effect, while the volatile oil (mainly valerenic acid) and the valepotriates (through their degradation products) are major contributors to its sedative effects. Current data also indicate the valepotriates to be responsible for the antianxiety or tranquilizing effect of valerian. No serious toxic side effects associated with the clinical use of valerian have been reported.
