ABSTRACT
Toxicology is the eld of science that focuses on the deleterious effects of chemicals (i.e., xenobiotics) on biological systems. Pharmacology has a rather positive image being concerned with the treatment of disease by natural products, structural modi cations of natural products, and by synthetic drugs designed for the treatment of a particular disease. In contrast, toxicology is sometimes regarded in a negative way. Toxicology and pharmacology are, however, complementary and represent both sides of a coin, and the thought processes involved in each discipline are often identical (i.e., toxicokinetics, toxicodynamics, receptors, and dose-response).
